小程序开发资讯 《科学》(20240906出书)一周论文导读
编译｜李言
Science,6SEP2024,Volume385Issue6713
《科学》2024年9月6日，第385卷，6713期
物理学Physics
Achievingopticaltransparencyinliveanimalswithabsorbingmolecules
通过继承分子完满活体动物的光学透明
▲作家：ZIHAOOU,YI-SHIOUDUHetal.
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm6869
▲选录：在此。咱们论述一反直观的不雅察，即强继承分子不错在活体动物中完满光学透明。咱们探索了这一不雅察背后的物理旨趣，发现当强继承分子融解在水中时，它们不错通过Kramers-Kronig关系窜改水介质的折射率，以匹配高折射率组织要素（如脂类）的折射率。
咱们仍是评释，咱们的径直要领不错可逆地使活体小鼠躯壳透明，从而使大范围的深层结构和行径变得可视化。这项运筹帷幄标明，寻找高性能光学吊销剂应该衔接在强继承分子上。
▲Abstract：Wereportthecounterintuitiveobservationthatstronglyabsorbingmoleculescanachieveopticaltransparencyinliveanimals.Weexploredthephysicsbehindthisobservationandfoundthatwhenstronglyabsorbingmoleculesdissolveinwater,theycanmodifytherefractiveindexoftheaqueousmediumthroughtheKramers-Kronigrelationstomatchthatofhigh-indextissuecomponentssuchaslipids.Wehavedemonstratedthatourstraightforwardapproachcanreversiblyrenderalivemousebodytransparenttoallowvisualizationofawiderangeofdeep-seatedstructuresandactivities.Thisworksuggeststhatthesearchforhigh-performanceopticalclearingagentsshouldfocusonstronglyabsorbingmolecules.
Phantomenergyinthenonlinearresponseofaquantummany-bodyscarstate
量子多体疤痕态非线性反映中的幽魂能量
▲作家：KANGNINGYANG,YICHENGZHANGetal.
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk8978
钱哥快乐8第2024181期奖号区间、余数分析
▲选录：在这项运筹帷幄中，咱们使器用有诱惑互相作用的镝气体来制造疤痕情状，这些情状敷裕踏实，不错在保合手其特点的同期被启动到强非线性情状。咱们测量了淬灭箝制势后，动能和总能量的变化。
尽管裸互相作用是有诱惑力的，但原子的行动似乎是互相摒除的：它们的动能跟着气体被压缩而反常地减少。缺失的“幽魂”能量是通过将咱们的现实效果与广义流膂力学接头比拟较来进行基准测试。咱们提供的凭证标明，缺失的动能是由未被检测到的高动量原子佩戴的。
▲Abstract：Inthisstudy,weusedattractivelyinteractingdysprosiumgasestocreatescarstatesthatarestableenoughtobedrivenintoastronglynonlinearregimewhileretainingtheircharacter.Wemeasuredhowthekineticandtotalenergiesevolveafterquenchingtheconfiningpotential.Althoughthebareinteractionsareattractive,theatomsbehaveasiftheyrepeleachother:Theirkineticenergyparadoxicallydecreasesasthegasiscompressed.Themissing“phantom”energyisquantifiedbybenchmarkingourexperimentalresultsagainstgeneralizedhydrodynamicscalculations.Wepresentevidencethatthemissingkineticenergyiscarriedbyundetected,veryhighmomentumatoms.
天文体Astronomy
ReturnedsamplesindicatevolcanismontheMoon120millionyearsago
带回的样本标明1.2亿年前月球上有火山行径
▲作家：BI-WENWANG,QIANW.L.ZHANGetal.
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk6635
▲选录：咱们运筹帷幄了嫦娥五号网罗的月球泥土样品中的约3000个玻璃珠，并根据它们的质料、化学要素和硫同位素折服了其中3个发祥于火山行径。3个火山玻璃珠的铀铅测年标明它们酿成于1.2（±0.15）亿年前。这些火山玻璃珠中稀土元素和钍元素的品貌较高，小程序开发价格标明这种近代火山行径可能与岩浆地幔源局部富集生热元素相关。
▲Abstract：Weinvestigated~3000glassbeadsinlunarsoilsamplescollectedbytheChang’e-5missionandidentifiedthreeashavingavolcanicoriginonthebasisoftheirtextures,chemicalcompositions,andsulfurisotopes.Uranium-leaddatingofthethreevolcanicglassbeadsshowsthattheyformed123±15millionyearsago.Wemeasuredhighabundancesofrareearthelementsandthoriuminthesevolcanicglassbeads,whichcouldindicatethatsuchrecentvolcanismwasrelatedtolocalenrichmentofheat-generatingelementsinthemantlesourcesofthemagma.
地球科学EarthScience
Theeconomicimpactsofecosystemdisruptions:Costsfromsubstitutingbiologicalpestcontrol
小程序开发生态系统被碎裂的经济影响:替代生物虫害防治的老本
▲作家：EYALG.FRANK
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0344
▲选录：生物种种性蚀本正在加快，但咱们对这些生态系统的碎裂若何影响东谈主类福祉知之甚少。生态学家记载了蝙蝠行动虫豸的自然捕食者的贫苦性，以及在朝生动物疾病出现后它们的数目减少，导致生物害虫适度的潜鄙人降。
在这项责任中，我运筹帷幄物种互相作用若何蔓延到生态系统除外，并影响农业和东谈主类健康。我发现农民通过加多31.1%的杀虫剂使用量来赔偿蝙蝠数目的减少。杀虫剂的赔偿性加多对健康产生了不利影响——在发生蝙蝠死字的地区，婴儿死字率上涨了7.9%。这些发现为之前对于生态系统碎裂若何产生特真谛真谛的社会老本的表面瞻望提供了考证。
▲Abstract：Biodiversitylossisaccelerating,yetweknowlittleabouthowtheseecosystemdisruptionsaffecthumanwell-being.Ecologistshavedocumentedboththeimportanceofbatsasnaturalpredatorsofinsectsaswellastheirpopulationdeclinesaftertheemergenceofawildlifedisease,resultinginapotentialdeclineinbiologicalpestcontrol.Inthiswork,Istudyhowspeciesinteractionscanextendbeyondanecosystemandaffectagricultureandhumanhealth.Ifindthatfarmerscompensatedforbatdeclinebyincreasingtheirinsecticideuseby31.1%.Thecompensatoryincreaseininsecticideusebyfarmersadverselyaffectedhealth—humaninfantmortalityincreasedby7.9%inthecountiesthatexperiencedbatdie-offs.Thesefindingsprovideempiricalvalidationtoprevioustheoreticalpredictionsabouthowecosystemdisruptionscanhavemeaningfulsocialcosts.
动物学Zoology
Spatialcognitiveabilityisassociatedwithlongevityinfood-cachingchickadees
储存食品的山雀的寿命与空间默契智商相关
▲作家：JOSEPHF.WELKLIN,BENJAMINR.SONNENBERGetal.
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn5633
▲选录：咱们漠视的径直凭证标明，个体默契智商的各别与贮藏食品的野生鸟类的寿命各别相关。咱们测量了227只山雀的空间默契智商，并追踪了它们在当然环境中的寿命，发现具有更好的空间学习和驰念智商的个体寿命更长。这些效果证据，增强的默契智商可能与野生动物的寿命长度相关，况且增强默契智商可能导致寿命延长。
▲Abstract：Wepresentdirectevidencethatindividualvariationincognitiveabilitiesisassociatedwithdifferencesinlifespaninawildfoodcachingbird.Wemeasuredthespatialcognitiveabilitiesandtrackedthelifespanof227mountainchickadees(Poecilegambeli)intheirnaturalenvironmentandfoundthatindividualswithbetterspatiallearningandmemoryabilitiesinvolvedinfoodcachinglivedlonger.Theseresultsconfirmthatenhancedcognitiveabilitiescanbeassociatedwithlongerlifeinwildanimalsandthatselectiononcognitiveabilitiescanleadtoincreasedlifespan.
生物学Biology
Organizingthecoactivitystructureofthehippocampusfromrobusttoflexiblememory
组织海马体从隆重驰念到天真驰念的协同行径结构
▲作家：GIUSEPPEP.GAVA,LAURALEFèVREetal.
▲结合：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk9611
▲选录：在此，咱们论述赢得隆重（食品环境）驰念为止了小鼠海马在高度相关的峰值序列的群体行径空间内，从而闭塞了随后天真（物体定位）驰念的接头。这种雅致相关的结构是在叠加的助记领导中酿成的，迟缓将CA1层金字塔状浅层的神经元与悉数群体的行径耦合起来。
诓骗海马体θ启动的闭环光遗传扼制来减轻（食品—环境）驰念酿成经由中的神经元召募，收缩了海马体协同行径的拓扑为止，并规复了随后的天真（物体定位）驰念。
▲Abstract：Wereportthatacquiringarobust(food-context)memoryconstrainsthemousehippocampuswithinapopulationactivityspaceofhighlycorrelatedspiketrainsthatpreventssubsequentcomputationofaflexible(object-location)memory.Thisdenselycorrelatedfiringstructuredevelopedoverrepeatedmnemonicexperience小程序开发资讯,graduallycouplingneuronsinthesuperficialsublayeroftheCA1stratumpyramidaletowhole-populationactivity.Applyinghippocampaltheta-drivenclosed-loopoptogeneticsuppressiontomitigatethisneuronalrecruitmentduring(food-context)memoryformationrelaxedthetopologicalconstraintonhippocampalcoactivityandrestoredsubsequentflexible(object-location)memory.