| 发布日期：2024-08-06 07:47 点击次数：130 |
Or, for that matter, French or Portuguese?
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本文作家从英语发源国英国的角度，叙述了英语走遍全国之后，将不再是英国的英语，也不再是盎格鲁撒克逊国度的英语。英语走遍全国让作家自傲，然则关于其他文化对英语，稀奇是英语语法的改换，作家也暗意了担忧。
WHAT COUNTRY does French belong to? The answer seems obvious: France, as it says on the label. But there are roughly four times as many speakers of French outside France as there are within it. Who does Portuguese belong to? You might now hesitate to blurt out “Portugal”, remembering that Brazil’s population is about 20 times bigger than Portugal’s. Maybe Portuguese belongs jointly to them both. But then 70m people live in African countries in which Portuguese is an official language. Perhaps it belongs to them, too.
注："Blurt out" 的趣味是"刀切斧砍"，指在不经过想考的情况下，已而说出某个不雅点。举例，"I didn't mean to blurt out that secret about her, it just slipped out."（我不是挑升清楚她的机要，仅仅不贯注刀切斧砍了。）
本段中提到，法国除外说法语的东说念主数是法邦原土的四倍，而葡萄牙之外说葡语的除了东说念主口是葡萄牙20倍之多的巴西除外，还有7000万非洲东说念主将葡语当作官方言语。
The English can be under no illusion that the language of the same name is exclusively theirs. The small matters of the other nations in the British Isles, and of the superpower across the Atlantic, make clear that it is joint property. But these countries—along with Canada, Australia and other Anglophonepeoples—must at some point come to terms with the fact that, even collectively, their language no longer belongs to them. Of the estimated billion people who speak English, less than half live in those core English-speaking countries.
注："Under no illusion" 的趣味是"莫得幻想"，这里指英国东说念主不可有英语是英国的英语这种幻想。that从句是illusion的同位语。
在历史同期号码中，组选0-9号码出现次数为：7出现3次，号码0、6出现4次，号码2、5出现6次，号码1出现7次，号码3、9出现8次，号码4、8出现10次，本期看好两码3、9出现。
在以上号码中，号码0、8表现活跃，开出了6次；号码7表现较冷，开出了0次。号码奇偶比为10：20，偶数号码强势热出，本期继续关注偶数开出；号码大小比为13：17，小 号非常热，本期看好小 号再出；本期杀号：5，做小程序一般多少钱关注号码：3。
"Anglophone" 指的是说英语的东说念主或地区，日常用于形容那些英语是主要或官方言语的国度或地区。举例，加拿大不错被称为是一个"Anglophone country"。相通的，好意思国、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰、南非等国度亦然。
"Come to terms with the fact" 的趣味是"收受事实"，日常用来形容一个东说念主经过一段期间的想考、反省等流程后，终于收受了某个或不可幸免的事实。举例，"After months of denial, he finally came to terms with the fact that his marriage was over."（经过数月的否定，他终于收受了他的婚配依然边界的事实。）
Every day, the proportion of English-speakers born outside the traditional Anglosphere grows. Perhaps 40% of people in the European Union speak English, or about 180m—vastly more than the combined population of Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In India, calculations range from 60m to 200m. Most such estimates make it the second-biggest Anglophone country in the world.
注：在欧洲，有1.8亿东说念主会说英语，而在印度，说英语的东说念主口在6000万到2亿之间，印度是全国上第二大以英语为母语的国度。
English-speakers pride themselves on the spread of the language, and often attribute that to an open, liberal-minded attitude whereby it has happily soaked up words from around the world. In the coming century, though, English will do more than borrow words. In these non-Anglophone countries, it is becoming not just a useful second language, but a native one. Already it is easy to find children in northern Europe who speak as though they come from Kansas, the product of childhoods immersed in subtitled films and television in English, along with music, gaming and YouTube.
注："Soak up" 的趣味是"接收"或"吸取"，本义是近似海绵吸水那种接收，践诺指关于某种信息、学问、教训等的接收和学习。举例，"She soaked up all the information in the book in just one evening."（她在一个晚上就接收了书中悉数的信息。）
Today, many learners still aim for an American or British standard. Textbooks instruct Indian English-speakers to avoid Indianisms such as “What is your good name?” for “What is your first name?”, or “I am working here for years” instead of “I have been working here for years.” A guide to avoiding Europeanismshas long circulated in European Union institutions, to keep French-or German-speakers from (for example) using “actual” to mean “current”, as it does in their languages.
Yet as hundreds of millions of new speakers make English their own, they are going to be less keen to sound British or American. A generation of post-colonial novelists has been mixing native words and phrasings into their English prose, without translation, italics or explanation. Academic movements such as “English as a lingua franca” (ELF) have been developing the ideology that speakers—no longer referred to as “non-native” but rather “multilingual”—should feel free to ignore British or American norms. Karen Bennett of Nova University in Lisbon says the university website has been translated using words common in southern European English—like “scientific” for “academic”, or “rector” for “vice-chancellor”. The appropriate local dialect is not British or American but ELF.
app注："Lingua franca" 是指在不同言语和文化的地区粗糙使用的共同言语。在外洋调换中，英语被觉得是一种lingua franca。
Given enough time, new generations of native speakers contribute not just words but their own grammar to the language they learn—from older speakers’ point of view, distortingit in the process. “I am working here for years” is a mistake today, but it is not hard to imagine it becoming standard in the future in culturally confident Anglophone Indian circles.
注：作家在惦记其他地区的英语使用者会改换英语的用法。
"Distort" 的趣味是"扭曲"、"歪曲"或"曲解"，日常用来形容某种信息、事实或不雅点被挑升或意外地改换或误会。举例，"The media often distorts the truth to get more attention." （媒体不竭会为了蛊卦更多关爱而歪曲事实。）
If this disturbs you, remember that this column is written in a mangled version of Anglo-Saxon, learned badly by waves of Celts, Vikings, Normans and others until it became an unrecognisably different tongue. And take comfort in the fact that such changes usually happen too slowly to affect comprehension in a single lifetime. Written language is less volatile than the spoken kind and exerts a stabilising force.
注："Mangled" 的趣味是"糟蹋的"、"弄乱的"或"损坏的"，指某个物体或事物被严重结巴、毁伤或弄乱的现象。举例，"The car was mangled in the accident" 暗意"车在事故中被撞毁了"。本文中，作家觉得，英语本来等于凯尔特东说念主、维京东说念主、诺曼东说念主等共同变成的一种言语。
"Anglo-Saxon" 指古代盎格鲁-撒克逊东说念主（Anglo-Saxon people）以及他们的文化和言语。盎格鲁-撒克逊东说念主蓝本是在公元5世纪阁下从德国和丹麦等地迁徙到英国的日耳曼族东说念主。在言语方面，英语的发源不错追念到古代的盎格鲁-撒克逊语（Anglo-Saxon language）。在当代英语中，"Anglo-Saxon" 还不错指英国或英国东说念主的文化和传统。
But if language is always evolving (true to the point of cliché), the adaptations are even more profound when they come as a result of new speakers hailing from different linguistic worlds. No language has ever reached more speakers than English. It is hard to predict how they will change it, but easy to rule out the notion that they will not change it at all. In the end, it will be theirs too.
"True to the point of cliché" 指言语老是在进化这一不雅点其实是不达时宜。举例，"His behavior was true to the point of cliché, he was the typical arrogant businessman" 暗意"他的行为颠倒稳健刻板印象做小程序一般多少钱，是典型的清高商东说念主"。
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